NRF52 - power management improvements (#9211)

* minor NRF52 test cleanup

* detect USB power input on ProMicro boards

* prevent booting on power failure detection

* introduce PowerHAL layer

* powerHAL basic implementation for NRF52

* prevent data saves on low power

* remove comment

* Update src/platform/nrf52/main-nrf52.cpp

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update src/power/PowerHAL.h

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update src/main.cpp

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* Merge missing voltage threshold comparison

* add missing variable

* add missing function declaration

* remove debug strings

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>

bin/device-install.sh

@@ -32,6 +32,19 @@ if ! command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# esptool v5 supports commands with dashes and deprecates commands with
+# underscores. Prior versions only support commands with underscores
+if ${ESPTOOL_CMD} | grep --quiet write-flash
+then
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write-flash
+    ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH=erase-flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read-flash-status
+else
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write_flash
+    ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH=erase_flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read_flash_status
+fi
+
 set -e
 
 # Usage info
@@ -83,7 +96,7 @@ while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
 done
 
 if [[ $BPS_RESET == true ]]; then
-	$ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset read_flash_status
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset ${ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS}
     exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -144,12 +157,12 @@ if [[ -f "$FILENAME" && "$FILENAME" == *.factory.bin ]]; then
     fi
 
     echo "Trying to flash ${FILENAME}, but first erasing and writing system information"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD erase-flash
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write-flash $FIRMWARE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_ERASE_FLASH}
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $FIRMWARE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
     echo "Trying to flash ${OTAFILE} at offset ${OTA_OFFSET}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write_flash $OTA_OFFSET "${OTAFILE}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $OTA_OFFSET "${OTAFILE}"
     echo "Trying to flash ${SPIFFSFILE}, at offset ${OFFSET}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD write_flash $OFFSET "${SPIFFSFILE}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $OFFSET "${SPIFFSFILE}"
 
 else
     show_help

bin/device-update.sh

@@ -20,6 +20,17 @@ else
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# esptool v5 supports commands with dashes and deprecates commands with
+# underscores. Prior versions only support commands with underscores
+if ${ESPTOOL_CMD} | grep --quiet write-flash
+then
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write-flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read-flash-status
+else
+    ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH=write_flash
+    ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS=read_flash_status
+fi
+
 # Usage info
 show_help() {
 cat << EOF
@@ -69,7 +80,7 @@ done
 shift "$((OPTIND-1))"
 
 if [ "$CHANGE_MODE" = true ]; then
-	$ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset read_flash_status
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $RESET_BAUD --after no_reset ${ESPTOOL_READ_FLASH_STATUS}
     exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -80,7 +91,7 @@ fi
 
 if [[ -f "$FILENAME" && "$FILENAME" != *.factory.bin ]]; then
     echo "Trying to flash update ${FILENAME}"
-    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $FLASH_BAUD write-flash $UPDATE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
+    $ESPTOOL_CMD --baud $FLASH_BAUD ${ESPTOOL_WRITE_FLASH} $UPDATE_OFFSET "${FILENAME}"
 else
     show_help
     echo "Invalid file: ${FILENAME}"

bin/org.meshtastic.meshtasticd.metainfo.xml

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
   </screenshots>
 
   <releases>
+    <release version="2.7.19" date="2026-01-22">
+      <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.19</url>
+    </release>
     <release version="2.7.18" date="2026-01-02">
       <url type="details">https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/releases?q=tag%3Av2.7.18</url>
     </release>

boards/minimesh_lite.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "nrf52840_s140_v6.ld"
+    },
+    "core": "nRF5",
+    "cpu": "cortex-m4",
+    "extra_flags": "-DMINIMESH_LITE -DNRF52840_XXAA",
+    "f_cpu": "64000000L",
+    "hwids": [
+      ["0x239A", "0x8029"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x0029"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x002A"]
+    ],
+    "usb_product": "Minimesh Lite",
+    "mcu": "nrf52840",
+    "variant": "dls_Minimesh_Lite",
+    "bsp": {
+      "name": "adafruit"
+    },
+    "softdevice": {
+      "sd_flags": "-DS140",
+      "sd_name": "s140",
+      "sd_version": "6.1.1",
+      "sd_fwid": "0x00B6"
+    },
+    "bootloader": {
+      "settings_addr": "0xFF000"
+    }
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["bluetooth"],
+  "debug": {
+    "jlink_device": "nRF52840_xxAA",
+    "svd_path": "nrf52840.svd"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino"],
+  "name": "Minimesh Lite",
+  "upload": {
+    "maximum_ram_size": 248832,
+    "maximum_size": 815104,
+    "speed": 115200,
+    "protocol": "nrfutil",
+    "protocols": ["nrfutil", "jlink", "nrfjprog", "stlink"],
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true
+  },
+  "url": "https://deeplabstudio.com",
+  "vendor": "Deeplab Studio"
+}

debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+meshtasticd (2.7.19.0) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * Version 2.7.19
+
+ -- GitHub Actions <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>  Thu, 22 Jan 2026 22:17:40 +0000
+
 meshtasticd (2.7.18.0) unstable; urgency=medium
 
   * Version 2.7.18

platformio.ini

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ lib_deps =
 [device-ui_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic/device-ui packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/3480b731d28b10d73414cf0dd7975bff745de8cf.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/613c0953313bbd236f4ddc5ede447e9edf8e890a.zip
 
 ; Common libs for environmental measurements in telemetry module
 [environmental_base]

src/Power.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * @file Power.cpp
- * @brief This file contains the implementation of the Power class, which is responsible for managing power-related functionality
- * of the device. It includes battery level sensing, power management unit (PMU) control, and power state machine management. The
- * Power class is used by the main device class to manage power-related functionality.
+ * @brief This file contains the implementation of the Power class, which is
+ * responsible for managing power-related functionality of the device. It
+ * includes battery level sensing, power management unit (PMU) control, and
+ * power state machine management. The Power class is used by the main device
+ * class to manage power-related functionality.
  *
- * The file also includes implementations of various battery level sensors, such as the AnalogBatteryLevel class, which assumes
- * the battery voltage is attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input.
+ * The file also includes implementations of various battery level sensors, such
+ * as the AnalogBatteryLevel class, which assumes the battery voltage is
+ * attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input.
  *
  * This file is part of the Meshtastic project.
  * For more information, see: https://meshtastic.org/
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
+#include "power/PowerHAL.h"
 #include "sleep.h"
 
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
@@ -171,22 +175,12 @@ Power *power;
 
 using namespace meshtastic;
 
-#ifndef AREF_VOLTAGE
-#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
-/*
- * Internal Reference is +/-0.6V, with an adjustable gain of 1/6, 1/5, 1/4,
- * 1/3, 1/2 or 1, meaning 3.6, 3.0, 2.4, 1.8, 1.2 or 0.6V for the ADC levels.
- *
- * External Reference is VDD/4, with an adjustable gain of 1, 2 or 4, meaning
- * VDD/4, VDD/2 or VDD for the ADC levels.
- *
- * Default settings are internal reference with 1/6 gain (GND..3.6V ADC range)
- */
-#define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.6
-#else
+// NRF52 has AREF_VOLTAGE defined in architecture.h but
+// make sure it's included. If something is wrong with NRF52
+// definition - compilation will fail on missing definition
+#if !defined(AREF_VOLTAGE) && !defined(ARCH_NRF52)
 #define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.3
 #endif
-#endif
 
 /**
  * If this board has a battery level sensor, set this to a valid implementation
@@ -233,7 +227,8 @@ static void battery_adcDisable()
 #endif
 
 /**
- * A simple battery level sensor that assumes the battery voltage is attached via a voltage-divider to an analog input
+ * A simple battery level sensor that assumes the battery voltage is attached
+ * via a voltage-divider to an analog input
  */
 class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 {
@@ -311,7 +306,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 
 #ifndef BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES
 #define BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES                                                                                                    \
-    15 // Set the number of samples, it has an effect of increasing sensitivity in complex electromagnetic environment.
+    15 // Set the number of samples, it has an effect of increasing sensitivity in
+       // complex electromagnetic environment.
 #endif
 
 #ifdef BATTERY_PIN
@@ -341,7 +337,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
             battery_adcDisable();
 
             if (!initial_read_done) {
-                // Flush the smoothing filter with an ADC reading, if the reading is plausibly correct
+                // Flush the smoothing filter with an ADC reading, if the reading is
+                // plausibly correct
                 if (scaled > last_read_value)
                     last_read_value = scaled;
                 initial_read_done = true;
@@ -350,8 +347,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
                 last_read_value += (scaled - last_read_value) * 0.5; // Virtual LPF
             }
 
-            // LOG_DEBUG("battery gpio %d raw val=%u scaled=%u filtered=%u", BATTERY_PIN, raw, (uint32_t)(scaled), (uint32_t)
-            // (last_read_value));
+            // LOG_DEBUG("battery gpio %d raw val=%u scaled=%u filtered=%u",
+            // BATTERY_PIN, raw, (uint32_t)(scaled), (uint32_t) (last_read_value));
         }
         return last_read_value;
 #endif // BATTERY_PIN
@@ -420,7 +417,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     /**
      * return true if there is a battery installed in this unit
      */
-    // if we have a integrated device with a battery, we can assume that the battery is always connected
+    // if we have a integrated device with a battery, we can assume that the
+    // battery is always connected
 #ifdef BATTERY_IMMUTABLE
     virtual bool isBatteryConnect() override { return true; }
 #elif defined(ADC_V)
@@ -441,10 +439,10 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     virtual bool isBatteryConnect() override { return getBatteryPercent() != -1; }
 #endif
 
-    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is pumping
-    /// in power
-    /// On some boards we don't have the power management chip (like AXPxxxx)
-    /// so we use EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO pin to detect external power source
+    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is
+    /// pumping in power On some boards we don't have the power management chip
+    /// (like AXPxxxx) so we use EXT_PWR_DETECT GPIO pin to detect external power
+    /// source
     virtual bool isVbusIn() override
     {
 #ifdef EXT_PWR_DETECT
@@ -461,8 +459,12 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
         }
         // if it's not HIGH - check the battery
 #endif
-#elif defined(MUZI_BASE)
-        return NRF_POWER->USBREGSTATUS & POWER_USBREGSTATUS_VBUSDETECT_Msk;
+
+// technically speaking this should work for all(?) NRF52 boards
+// but needs testing across multiple devices. NRF52 USB would not even work if
+// VBUS was not properly connected and detected by the CPU
+#elif defined(MUZI_BASE) || defined(PROMICRO_DIY_TCXO)
+        return powerHAL_isVBUSConnected();
 #endif
         return getBattVoltage() > chargingVolt;
     }
@@ -485,8 +487,9 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
 #else
 #if HAS_TELEMETRY && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR && !defined(DISABLE_INA_CHARGING_DETECTION)
         if (hasINA()) {
-            // get current flow from INA sensor - negative value means power flowing into the battery
-            // default assuming  BATTERY+  <--> INA_VIN+ <--> SHUNT RESISTOR <--> INA_VIN- <--> LOAD
+            // get current flow from INA sensor - negative value means power flowing
+            // into the battery default assuming  BATTERY+  <--> INA_VIN+ <--> SHUNT
+            // RESISTOR <--> INA_VIN- <--> LOAD
             LOG_DEBUG("Using INA on I2C addr 0x%x for charging detection", config.power.device_battery_ina_address);
 #if defined(INA_CHARGING_DETECTION_INVERT)
             return getINACurrent() > 0;
@@ -502,8 +505,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     }
 
   private:
-    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is pumping
-    /// in power
+    /// If we see a battery voltage higher than physics allows - assume charger is
+    /// pumping in power
 
     /// For heltecs with no battery connected, the measured voltage is 2204, so
     // need to be higher than that, in this case is 2500mV (3000-500)
@@ -512,7 +515,8 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
     const float noBatVolt = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] - 500) * NUM_CELLS;
     // Start value from minimum voltage for the filter to not start from 0
     // that could trigger some events.
-    // This value is over-written by the first ADC reading, it the voltage seems reasonable.
+    // This value is over-written by the first ADC reading, it the voltage seems
+    // reasonable.
     bool initial_read_done = false;
     float last_read_value = (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS);
     uint32_t last_read_time_ms = 0;
@@ -654,7 +658,8 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
 #ifdef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
     // ESP32S3
     else if (val_type == ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP_FIT) {
-        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values and fitting curve coefficients stored in eFuse");
+        LOG_INFO("ADC config based on Two Point values and fitting curve "
+                 "coefficients stored in eFuse");
     }
 #endif
     else {
@@ -662,13 +667,7 @@ bool Power::analogInit()
     }
 #endif // ARCH_ESP32
 
-#ifdef ARCH_NRF52
-#ifdef VBAT_AR_INTERNAL
-    analogReference(VBAT_AR_INTERNAL);
-#else
-    analogReference(AR_INTERNAL); // 3.6V
-#endif
-#endif // ARCH_NRF52
+    // NRF52 ADC init moved to powerHAL_init in nrf52 platform
 
 #ifndef ARCH_ESP32
     analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
@@ -723,6 +722,16 @@ bool Power::setup()
             runASAP = true;
         },
         CHANGE);
+#endif
+#ifdef EXT_CHRG_DETECT
+    attachInterrupt(
+        EXT_CHRG_DETECT,
+        []() {
+            power->setIntervalFromNow(0);
+            runASAP = true;
+            BaseType_t higherWake = 0;
+        },
+        CHANGE);
 #endif
     enabled = found;
     low_voltage_counter = 0;
@@ -769,7 +778,8 @@ void Power::reboot()
     HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
 #else
     rebootAtMsec = -1;
-    LOG_WARN("FIXME implement reboot for this platform. Note that some settings require a restart to be applied");
+    LOG_WARN("FIXME implement reboot for this platform. Note that some settings "
+             "require a restart to be applied");
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -779,9 +789,12 @@ void Power::shutdown()
 #if HAS_SCREEN
     if (screen) {
 #ifdef T_DECK_PRO
-        screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is powered off.\nConnect USB to start!", 0); // T-Deck Pro has no power button
+        screen->showSimpleBanner("Device is powered off.\nConnect USB to start!",
+                                 0); // T-Deck Pro has no power button
 #elif defined(USE_EINK)
-        screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...", 2250); // dismiss after 3 seconds to avoid the banner on the sleep screen
+        screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...",
+                                 2250); // dismiss after 3 seconds to avoid the
+                                        // banner on the sleep screen
 #else
         screen->showSimpleBanner("Shutting Down...", 0); // stays on screen
 #endif
@@ -820,7 +833,8 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
     int32_t batteryVoltageMv = -1; // Assume unknown
     int8_t batteryChargePercent = -1;
     OptionalBool usbPowered = OptUnknown;
-    OptionalBool hasBattery = OptUnknown; // These must be static because NRF_APM code doesn't run every time
+    OptionalBool hasBattery = OptUnknown; // These must be static because NRF_APM
+                                          // code doesn't run every time
     OptionalBool isChargingNow = OptUnknown;
 
     if (batteryLevel) {
@@ -833,9 +847,10 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
             if (batteryLevel->getBatteryPercent() >= 0) {
                 batteryChargePercent = batteryLevel->getBatteryPercent();
             } else {
-                // If the AXP192 returns a percentage less than 0, the feature is either not supported or there is an error
-                // In that case, we compute an estimate of the charge percent based on open circuit voltage table defined
-                // in power.h
+                // If the AXP192 returns a percentage less than 0, the feature is either
+                // not supported or there is an error In that case, we compute an
+                // estimate of the charge percent based on open circuit voltage table
+                // defined in power.h
                 batteryChargePercent = clamp((int)(((batteryVoltageMv - (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS)) * 1e2) /
                                                    ((OCV[0] * NUM_CELLS) - (OCV[NUM_OCV_POINTS - 1] * NUM_CELLS))),
                                              0, 100);
@@ -843,12 +858,12 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
         }
     }
 
-// FIXME: IMO we shouldn't be littering our code with all these ifdefs.  Way better instead to make a Nrf52IsUsbPowered subclass
-// (which shares a superclass with the BatteryLevel stuff)
-// that just provides a few methods.  But in the interest of fixing this bug I'm going to follow current
-// practice.
-#ifdef NRF_APM // Section of code detects USB power on the RAK4631 and updates the power states.  Takes 20 seconds or so to detect
-               // changes.
+// FIXME: IMO we shouldn't be littering our code with all these ifdefs.  Way
+// better instead to make a Nrf52IsUsbPowered subclass (which shares a
+// superclass with the BatteryLevel stuff) that just provides a few methods. But
+// in the interest of fixing this bug I'm going to follow current practice.
+#ifdef NRF_APM // Section of code detects USB power on the RAK4631 and updates
+               // the power states.  Takes 20 seconds or so to detect changes.
 
     nrfx_power_usb_state_t nrf_usb_state = nrfx_power_usbstatus_get();
     // LOG_DEBUG("NRF Power %d", nrf_usb_state);
@@ -922,8 +937,9 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
 
 #endif
 
-    // If we have a battery at all and it is less than 0%, force deep sleep if we have more than 10 low readings in
-    // a row. NOTE: min LiIon/LiPo voltage is 2.0 to 2.5V, current OCV min is set to 3100 that is large enough.
+    // If we have a battery at all and it is less than 0%, force deep sleep if we
+    // have more than 10 low readings in a row. NOTE: min LiIon/LiPo voltage
+    // is 2.0 to 2.5V, current OCV min is set to 3100 that is large enough.
     //
 
     if (batteryLevel && powerStatus2.getHasBattery() && !powerStatus2.getHasUSB()) {
@@ -945,8 +961,8 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
     readPowerStatus();
 
 #ifdef HAS_PMU
-    // WE no longer use the IRQ line to wake the CPU (due to false wakes from sleep), but we do poll
-    // the IRQ status by reading the registers over I2C
+    // WE no longer use the IRQ line to wake the CPU (due to false wakes from
+    // sleep), but we do poll the IRQ status by reading the registers over I2C
     if (PMU) {
 
         PMU->getIrqStatus();
@@ -988,7 +1004,8 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
         PMU->clearIrqStatus();
     }
 #endif
-    // Only read once every 20 seconds once the power status for the app has been initialized
+    // Only read once every 20 seconds once the power status for the app has been
+    // initialized
     return (statusHandler && statusHandler->isInitialized()) ? (1000 * 20) : RUN_SAME;
 }
 
@@ -996,10 +1013,12 @@ int32_t Power::runOnce()
  * Init the power manager chip
  *
  * axp192 power
-    DCDC1 0.7-3.5V @ 1200mA max -> OLED // If you turn this off you'll lose comms to the axp192 because the OLED and the
- axp192 share the same i2c bus, instead use ssd1306 sleep mode DCDC2 -> unused DCDC3 0.7-3.5V @ 700mA max -> ESP32 (keep this
- on!) LDO1 30mA -> charges GPS backup battery // charges the tiny J13 battery by the GPS to power the GPS ram (for a couple of
- days), can not be turned off LDO2 200mA -> LORA LDO3 200mA -> GPS
+    DCDC1 0.7-3.5V @ 1200mA max -> OLED // If you turn this off you'll lose
+ comms to the axp192 because the OLED and the axp192 share the same i2c bus,
+ instead use ssd1306 sleep mode DCDC2 -> unused DCDC3 0.7-3.5V @ 700mA max ->
+ ESP32 (keep this on!) LDO1 30mA -> charges GPS backup battery // charges the
+ tiny J13 battery by the GPS to power the GPS ram (for a couple of days), can
+ not be turned off LDO2 200mA -> LORA LDO3 200mA -> GPS
  *
  */
 bool Power::axpChipInit()
@@ -1044,9 +1063,10 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
 
     if (!PMU) {
         /*
-         * In XPowersLib, if the XPowersAXPxxx object is released, Wire.end() will be called at the same time.
-         * In order not to affect other devices, if the initialization of the PMU fails, Wire needs to be re-initialized once,
-         * if there are multiple devices sharing the bus.
+         * In XPowersLib, if the XPowersAXPxxx object is released, Wire.end() will
+         * be called at the same time. In order not to affect other devices, if the
+         * initialization of the PMU fails, Wire needs to be re-initialized once, if
+         * there are multiple devices sharing the bus.
          * * */
 #ifndef PMU_USE_WIRE1
         w->begin(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
@@ -1063,8 +1083,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_LDO2);
 
         // oled module power channel,
-        // disable it will cause abnormal communication between boot and AXP power supply,
-        // do not turn it off
+        // disable it will cause abnormal communication between boot and AXP power
+        // supply, do not turn it off
         PMU->setPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_DCDC1, 3300);
         // enable oled power
         PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_DCDC1);
@@ -1091,7 +1111,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         PMU->setChargeTargetVoltage(XPOWERS_AXP192_CHG_VOL_4V2);
     } else if (PMU->getChipModel() == XPOWERS_AXP2101) {
 
-        /*The alternative version of T-Beam 1.1 differs from T-Beam V1.1 in that it uses an AXP2101 power chip*/
+        /*The alternative version of T-Beam 1.1 differs from T-Beam V1.1 in that it
+         * uses an AXP2101 power chip*/
         if (HW_VENDOR == meshtastic_HardwareModel_TBEAM) {
             // Unuse power channel
             PMU->disablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_DCDC2);
@@ -1126,8 +1147,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
             // t-beam s3 core
             /**
              * gnss module power channel
-             * The default ALDO4 is off, you need to turn on the GNSS power first, otherwise it will be invalid during
-             * initialization
+             * The default ALDO4 is off, you need to turn on the GNSS power first,
+             * otherwise it will be invalid during initialization
              */
             PMU->setPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_ALDO4, 3300);
             PMU->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_ALDO4);
@@ -1177,7 +1198,8 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
         // disable all axp chip interrupt
         PMU->disableIRQ(XPOWERS_AXP2101_ALL_IRQ);
 
-        // Set the constant current charging current of AXP2101, temporarily use 500mA by default
+        // Set the constant current charging current of AXP2101, temporarily use
+        // 500mA by default
         PMU->setChargerConstantCurr(XPOWERS_AXP2101_CHG_CUR_500MA);
 
         // Set up the charging voltage
@@ -1243,11 +1265,12 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
                   PMU->getPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_BLDO2));
     }
 
-// We can safely ignore this approach for most (or all) boards because MCU turned off
-// earlier than battery discharged to 2.6V.
+// We can safely ignore this approach for most (or all) boards because MCU
+// turned off earlier than battery discharged to 2.6V.
 //
-// Unfortanly for now we can't use this killswitch for RAK4630-based boards because they have a bug with
-// battery voltage measurement. Probably it sometimes drops to low values.
+// Unfortunately for now we can't use this killswitch for RAK4630-based boards
+// because they have a bug with battery voltage measurement. Probably it
+// sometimes drops to low values.
 #ifndef RAK4630
     // Set PMU shutdown voltage at 2.6V to maximize battery utilization
     PMU->setSysPowerDownVoltage(2600);
@@ -1266,10 +1289,12 @@ bool Power::axpChipInit()
     attachInterrupt(
         PMU_IRQ, [] { pmu_irq = true; }, FALLING);
 
-    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while there is
-    // no battery also it could cause inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled
-    // we don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while no battery installed
-    // we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we don't have anything hooked to vbus
+    // we do not look for AXPXXX_CHARGING_FINISHED_IRQ & AXPXXX_CHARGING_IRQ
+    // because it occurs repeatedly while there is no battery also it could cause
+    // inadvertent waking from light sleep just because the battery filled we
+    // don't look for AXPXXX_BATT_REMOVED_IRQ because it occurs repeatedly while
+    // no battery installed we don't look at AXPXXX_VBUS_REMOVED_IRQ because we
+    // don't have anything hooked to vbus
     PMU->enableIRQ(pmuIrqMask);
 
     PMU->clearIrqStatus();
@@ -1385,8 +1410,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
             bool result = PPM->init(Wire, I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL, BQ25896_ADDR);
             if (result) {
                 LOG_INFO("PPM BQ25896 init succeeded");
-                // Set the minimum operating voltage. Below this voltage, the PPM will protect
-                // PPM->setSysPowerDownVoltage(3100);
+                // Set the minimum operating voltage. Below this voltage, the PPM will
+                // protect PPM->setSysPowerDownVoltage(3100);
 
                 // Set input current limit, default is 500mA
                 // PPM->setInputCurrentLimit(800);
@@ -1409,7 +1434,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
                 PPM->enableMeasure();
 
                 // Turn on charging function
-                // If there is no battery connected, do not turn on the charging function
+                // If there is no battery connected, do not turn on the charging
+                // function
                 PPM->enableCharge();
             } else {
                 LOG_WARN("PPM BQ25896 init failed");
@@ -1444,7 +1470,8 @@ class LipoCharger : public HasBatteryLevel
     virtual int getBatteryPercent() override
     {
         return -1;
-        // return bq->getChargePercent(); // don't use BQ27220 for battery percent, it is not calibrated
+        // return bq->getChargePercent(); // don't use BQ27220 for battery percent,
+        // it is not calibrated
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1566,7 +1593,8 @@ bool Power::meshSolarInit()
 
 #else
 /**
- * The meshSolar battery level sensor is unavailable - default to AnalogBatteryLevel
+ * The meshSolar battery level sensor is unavailable - default to
+ * AnalogBatteryLevel
  */
 bool Power::meshSolarInit()
 {

src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "MessageStore.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "UIRenderer.h"
-#include "configuration.h"
 #include "gps/RTC.h"
 #include "graphics/Screen.h"
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@
 
 // External declarations
 extern bool hasUnreadMessage;
-extern meshtastic_DeviceState devicestate;
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;
 
 using graphics::Emote;
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ static inline size_t utf8CharLen(uint8_t c)
 }
 
 // Remove variation selectors (FE0F) and skin tone modifiers from emoji so they match your labels
-std::string normalizeEmoji(const std::string &s)
+static std::string normalizeEmoji(const std::string &s)
 {
     std::string out;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size();) {
@@ -82,6 +80,7 @@ uint32_t pauseStart = 0;
 bool waitingToReset = false;
 bool scrollStarted = false;
 static bool didReset = false;
+static constexpr int MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP = 6;
 
 void scrollUp()
 {
@@ -111,22 +110,6 @@ void scrollDown()
 
 void drawStringWithEmotes(OLEDDisplay *display, int x, int y, const std::string &line, const Emote *emotes, int emoteCount)
 {
-    std::string renderLine;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < line.size();) {
-        uint8_t c = (uint8_t)line[i];
-        size_t len = utf8CharLen(c);
-        if (c == 0xEF && i + 2 < line.size() && (uint8_t)line[i + 1] == 0xB8 && (uint8_t)line[i + 2] == 0x8F) {
-            i += 3;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (c == 0xF0 && i + 3 < line.size() && (uint8_t)line[i + 1] == 0x9F && (uint8_t)line[i + 2] == 0x8F &&
-            ((uint8_t)line[i + 3] >= 0xBB && (uint8_t)line[i + 3] <= 0xBF)) {
-            i += 4;
-            continue;
-        }
-        renderLine.append(line, i, len);
-        i += len;
-    }
     int cursorX = x;
     const int fontHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
 
@@ -203,8 +186,7 @@ void drawStringWithEmotes(OLEDDisplay *display, int x, int y, const std::string
 
         // Render the emote (if found)
         if (matchedEmote && i == nextEmotePos) {
-            // Vertically center emote relative to font baseline (not just midline)
-            int iconY = fontY + (fontHeight - matchedEmote->height) / 2;
+            int iconY = y + (lineHeight - matchedEmote->height) / 2;
             display->drawXbm(cursorX, iconY, matchedEmote->width, matchedEmote->height, matchedEmote->bitmap);
             cursorX += matchedEmote->width + 1;
             i += emojiLen;
@@ -423,6 +405,102 @@ static inline int getRenderedLineWidth(OLEDDisplay *display, const std::string &
     return totalWidth;
 }
 
+struct MessageBlock {
+    size_t start;
+    size_t end;
+    bool mine;
+};
+
+static int getDrawnLinePixelBottom(int lineTopY, const std::string &line, bool isHeaderLine)
+{
+    if (isHeaderLine) {
+        return lineTopY + (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 1);
+    }
+
+    int tallest = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+    for (int e = 0; e < numEmotes; ++e) {
+        if (line.find(emotes[e].label) != std::string::npos) {
+            if (emotes[e].height > tallest)
+                tallest = emotes[e].height;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int lineHeight = std::max(FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, tallest);
+    const int iconTop = lineTopY + (lineHeight - tallest) / 2;
+
+    return iconTop + tallest - 1;
+}
+
+static void drawRoundedRectOutline(OLEDDisplay *display, int x, int y, int w, int h, int r)
+{
+    if (w <= 1 || h <= 1)
+        return;
+
+    if (r < 0)
+        r = 0;
+
+    int maxR = (std::min(w, h) / 2) - 1;
+    if (r > maxR)
+        r = maxR;
+
+    if (r == 0) {
+        display->drawRect(x, y, w, h);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int x0 = x;
+    const int y0 = y;
+    const int x1 = x + w - 1;
+    const int y1 = y + h - 1;
+
+    // sides
+    if (x0 + r <= x1 - r) {
+        display->drawLine(x0 + r, y0, x1 - r, y0); // top
+        display->drawLine(x0 + r, y1, x1 - r, y1); // bottom
+    }
+    if (y0 + r <= y1 - r) {
+        display->drawLine(x0, y0 + r, x0, y1 - r); // left
+        display->drawLine(x1, y0 + r, x1, y1 - r); // right
+    }
+
+    // corner arcs
+    display->drawCircleQuads(x0 + r, y0 + r, r, 2); // top left
+    display->drawCircleQuads(x1 - r, y0 + r, r, 1); // top right
+    display->drawCircleQuads(x1 - r, y1 - r, r, 8); // bottom right
+    display->drawCircleQuads(x0 + r, y1 - r, r, 4); // bottom left
+}
+
+static std::vector<MessageBlock> buildMessageBlocks(const std::vector<bool> &isHeaderVec, const std::vector<bool> &isMineVec)
+{
+    std::vector<MessageBlock> blocks;
+    if (isHeaderVec.empty())
+        return blocks;
+
+    size_t start = 0;
+    bool mine = isMineVec[0];
+
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < isHeaderVec.size(); ++i) {
+        if (isHeaderVec[i]) {
+            MessageBlock b;
+            b.start = start;
+            b.end = i - 1;
+            b.mine = mine;
+            blocks.push_back(b);
+
+            start = i;
+            mine = isMineVec[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    MessageBlock last;
+    last.start = start;
+    last.end = isHeaderVec.size() - 1;
+    last.mine = mine;
+    blocks.push_back(last);
+
+    return blocks;
+}
+
 static void drawMessageScrollbar(OLEDDisplay *display, int visibleHeight, int totalHeight, int scrollOffset, int startY)
 {
     if (totalHeight <= visibleHeight)
@@ -482,9 +560,14 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
     constexpr int LEFT_MARGIN = 2;
     constexpr int RIGHT_MARGIN = 2;
     constexpr int SCROLLBAR_WIDTH = 3;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_X = 3;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_Y = 4;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_RADIUS = 4;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_MIN_W = 24;
+    constexpr int BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT = 2;
 
-    const int leftTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN;
-
+    // Derived widths
+    const int leftTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN - (BUBBLE_PAD_X * 2);
     const int rightTextWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - LEFT_MARGIN - RIGHT_MARGIN - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH;
 
     // Title string depending on mode
@@ -547,7 +630,28 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
         char chanType[32] = "";
         if (currentMode == ThreadMode::ALL) {
             if (m.dest == NODENUM_BROADCAST) {
-                snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "#%s", channels.getName(m.channelIndex));
+                const char *name = channels.getName(m.channelIndex);
+                if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::Low || currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
+                    if (strcmp(name, "ShortTurbo") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortT";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "ShortSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "ShortFast") == 0)
+                        name = "ShortF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "MediumSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "MedS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "MediumFast") == 0)
+                        name = "MedF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongSlow") == 0)
+                        name = "LongS";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongFast") == 0)
+                        name = "LongF";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongTurbo") == 0)
+                        name = "LongT";
+                    else if (strcmp(name, "LongMod") == 0)
+                        name = "LongM";
+                }
+                snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "#%s", name);
             } else {
                 snprintf(chanType, sizeof(chanType), "(DM)");
             }
@@ -614,8 +718,8 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
         }
 
         // Shrink Sender name if needed
-        int availWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH - display->getStringWidth(timeBuf) - display->getStringWidth(chanType) -
-                         display->getStringWidth(" @...") - 10;
+        int availWidth = (mine ? rightTextWidth : leftTextWidth) - display->getStringWidth(timeBuf) -
+                         display->getStringWidth(chanType) - display->getStringWidth("   @...");
         if (availWidth < 0)
             availWidth = 0;
 
@@ -667,6 +771,8 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
     cachedLines = allLines;
     cachedHeights = calculateLineHeights(cachedLines, emotes, isHeader);
 
+    std::vector<MessageBlock> blocks = buildMessageBlocks(isHeader, isMine);
+
     // Scrolling logic (unchanged)
     int totalHeight = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedHeights.size(); ++i)
@@ -714,12 +820,123 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
 
     int finalScroll = (int)scrollY;
     int yOffset = -finalScroll + getTextPositions(display)[1];
+    const int contentTop = getTextPositions(display)[1];
+    const int contentBottom = scrollBottom; // already excludes nav line
+    const int rightEdge = SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+    const int bubbleGapY = std::max(1, MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP / 2);
+
+    std::vector<int> lineTop;
+    lineTop.resize(cachedLines.size());
+    {
+        int acc = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedLines.size(); ++i) {
+            lineTop[i] = yOffset + acc;
+            acc += cachedHeights[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw bubbles
+    for (size_t bi = 0; bi < blocks.size(); ++bi) {
+        const auto &b = blocks[bi];
+        if (b.start >= cachedLines.size() || b.end >= cachedLines.size() || b.start > b.end)
+            continue;
+
+        int visualTop = lineTop[b.start];
+
+        int topY;
+        if (isHeader[b.start]) {
+            // Header start
+            constexpr int BUBBLE_PAD_TOP_HEADER = 1; // try 1 or 2
+            topY = visualTop - BUBBLE_PAD_TOP_HEADER;
+        } else {
+            // Body start
+            bool thisLineHasEmote = false;
+            for (int e = 0; e < numEmotes; ++e) {
+                if (cachedLines[b.start].find(emotes[e].label) != std::string::npos) {
+                    thisLineHasEmote = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (thisLineHasEmote) {
+                constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE = 4;
+                visualTop -= EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE;
+            }
+            topY = visualTop - BUBBLE_PAD_Y;
+        }
+        int visualBottom = getDrawnLinePixelBottom(lineTop[b.end], cachedLines[b.end], isHeader[b.end]);
+        int bottomY = visualBottom + BUBBLE_PAD_Y;
+
+        if (bi + 1 < blocks.size()) {
+            int nextHeaderIndex = (int)blocks[bi + 1].start;
+            int nextTop = lineTop[nextHeaderIndex];
+            int maxBottom = nextTop - 1 - bubbleGapY;
+            if (bottomY > maxBottom)
+                bottomY = maxBottom;
+        }
+
+        if (bottomY <= topY + 2)
+            continue;
+
+        if (bottomY < contentTop || topY > contentBottom - 1)
+            continue;
+
+        int maxLineW = 0;
+
+        for (size_t i = b.start; i <= b.end; ++i) {
+            int w = 0;
+            if (isHeader[i]) {
+                w = display->getStringWidth(cachedLines[i].c_str());
+                if (b.mine)
+                    w += 12; // room for ACK/NACK/relay mark
+            } else {
+                w = getRenderedLineWidth(display, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
+            }
+            if (w > maxLineW)
+                maxLineW = w;
+        }
+
+        int bubbleW = std::max(BUBBLE_MIN_W, maxLineW + (BUBBLE_PAD_X * 2));
+        int bubbleH = (bottomY - topY) + 1;
+        int bubbleX = 0;
+        if (b.mine) {
+            bubbleX = rightEdge - bubbleW;
+        } else {
+            bubbleX = x;
+        }
+        if (bubbleX < x)
+            bubbleX = x;
+        if (bubbleX + bubbleW > rightEdge)
+            bubbleW = std::max(1, rightEdge - bubbleX);
+
+        if (bubbleW > 1 && bubbleH > 1) {
+            int r = BUBBLE_RADIUS;
+            int maxR = (std::min(bubbleW, bubbleH) / 2) - 1;
+            if (maxR < 0)
+                maxR = 0;
+            if (r > maxR)
+                r = maxR;
+
+            drawRoundedRectOutline(display, bubbleX, topY, bubbleW, bubbleH, r);
+            const int extra = 3;
+            const int rr = r + extra;
+            int x1 = bubbleX + bubbleW - 1;
+            int y1 = topY + bubbleH - 1;
+
+            if (!b.mine) {
+                // top-left corner square
+                display->drawLine(bubbleX, topY, bubbleX + rr, topY);
+                display->drawLine(bubbleX, topY, bubbleX, topY + rr);
+            } else {
+                // bottom-right corner square
+                display->drawLine(x1 - rr, y1, x1, y1);
+                display->drawLine(x1, y1 - rr, x1, y1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     // Render visible lines
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedLines.size(); ++i) {
     int lineY = yOffset;
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < i; ++j)
-            lineY += cachedHeights[j];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cachedLines.size(); ++i) {
 
         if (lineY > -cachedHeights[i] && lineY < scrollBottom) {
             if (isHeader[i]) {
@@ -728,14 +945,28 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                 int headerX;
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     // push header left to avoid overlap with scrollbar
-                    headerX = SCREEN_WIDTH - w - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+                    headerX = (SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN) - w - BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT;
                     if (headerX < LEFT_MARGIN)
                         headerX = LEFT_MARGIN;
                 } else {
-                    headerX = x;
+                    headerX = x + BUBBLE_PAD_X + BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT;
                 }
                 display->drawString(headerX, lineY, cachedLines[i].c_str());
 
+                // Draw underline just under header text
+                int underlineY = lineY + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+
+                int underlineW = w;
+                int maxW = rightEdge - headerX;
+                if (maxW < 0)
+                    maxW = 0;
+                if (underlineW > maxW)
+                    underlineW = maxW;
+
+                for (int px = 0; px < underlineW; ++px) {
+                    display->setPixel(headerX + px, underlineY);
+                }
+
                 // Draw ACK/NACK mark for our own messages
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     int markX = headerX - 10;
@@ -753,32 +984,28 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
                     // AckStatus::NONE → show nothing
                 }
 
-                // Draw underline just under header text
-                int underlineY = lineY + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
-                for (int px = 0; px < w; ++px) {
-                    display->setPixel(headerX + px, underlineY);
-                }
             } else {
                 // Render message line
                 if (isMine[i]) {
                     // Calculate actual rendered width including emotes
                     int renderedWidth = getRenderedLineWidth(display, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
-                    int rightX = SCREEN_WIDTH - renderedWidth - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN;
+                    int rightX = (SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH - RIGHT_MARGIN) - renderedWidth - BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT;
                     if (rightX < LEFT_MARGIN)
                         rightX = LEFT_MARGIN;
 
                     drawStringWithEmotes(display, rightX, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
                 } else {
-                    drawStringWithEmotes(display, x, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes, numEmotes);
+                    drawStringWithEmotes(display, x + BUBBLE_PAD_X + BUBBLE_TEXT_INDENT, lineY, cachedLines[i], emotes,
+                                         numEmotes);
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        lineY += cachedHeights[i];
     }
-    int totalContentHeight = totalHeight;
-    int visibleHeight = usableHeight;
 
     // Draw scrollbar
-    drawMessageScrollbar(display, visibleHeight, totalContentHeight, finalScroll, getTextPositions(display)[1]);
+    drawMessageScrollbar(display, usableHeight, totalHeight, finalScroll, getTextPositions(display)[1]);
     graphics::drawCommonHeader(display, x, y, titleStr);
     graphics::drawCommonFooter(display, x, y);
 }
@@ -841,7 +1068,6 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
     constexpr int HEADER_UNDERLINE_GAP = 0; // space between underline and first body line
     constexpr int HEADER_UNDERLINE_PIX = 1; // underline thickness (1px row drawn)
     constexpr int BODY_LINE_LEADING = -4;   // default vertical leading for normal body lines
-    constexpr int MESSAGE_BLOCK_GAP = 4;    // gap after a message block before a new header
     constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_ABOVE = 4;  // space above emote line (added to line above)
     constexpr int EMOTE_PADDING_BELOW = 3;  // space below emote line (added to emote line)
 
@@ -851,6 +1077,7 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < lines.size(); ++idx) {
         const auto &line = lines[idx];
         const int baseHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
+        int lineHeight = baseHeight;
 
         // Detect if THIS line or NEXT line contains an emote
         bool hasEmote = false;
@@ -872,8 +1099,6 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
             }
         }
 
-        int lineHeight = baseHeight;
-
         if (isHeaderVec[idx]) {
             // Header line spacing
             lineHeight = baseHeight + HEADER_UNDERLINE_PIX + HEADER_UNDERLINE_GAP;
@@ -922,7 +1147,7 @@ void handleNewMessage(OLEDDisplay *display, const StoredMessage &sm, const mesht
 
         // Banner logic
         const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = nodeDB->getMeshNode(packet.from);
-        char longName[48] = "???";
+        char longName[48] = "?";
         if (node && node->user.long_name) {
             strncpy(longName, node->user.long_name, sizeof(longName) - 1);
             longName[sizeof(longName) - 1] = '\0';

src/main.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "ReliableRouter.h"
 #include "airtime.h"
 #include "buzz.h"
+#include "power/PowerHAL.h"
 
 #include "FSCommon.h"
 #include "Led.h"
@@ -332,6 +333,43 @@ __attribute__((weak, noinline)) bool loopCanSleep()
 void lateInitVariant() __attribute__((weak));
 void lateInitVariant() {}
 
+// NRF52 (and probably other platforms) can report when system is in power failure mode
+// (eg. too low battery voltage) and operating it is unsafe (data corruption, bootloops, etc).
+// For example NRF52 will prevent any flash writes in that case automatically
+// (but it causes issues we need to handle).
+// This detection is independent from whatever ADC or dividers used in Meshtastic
+// boards and is internal to chip.
+
+// we use powerHAL layer to get this info and delay booting until power level is safe
+
+// wait until power level is safe to continue booting (to avoid bootloops)
+// blink user led in 3 flashes sequence to indicate what is happening
+void waitUntilPowerLevelSafe()
+{
+
+#ifdef LED_PIN
+    pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
+#endif
+
+    while (powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe() == false) {
+
+#ifdef LED_PIN
+
+        // 3x: blink for 300 ms, pause for 300 ms
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LED_STATE_ON);
+            delay(300);
+            digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LED_STATE_OFF);
+            delay(300);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // sleep for 2s
+        delay(2000);
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Print info as a structured log message (for automated log processing)
  */
@@ -342,6 +380,14 @@ void printInfo()
 #ifndef PIO_UNIT_TESTING
 void setup()
 {
+
+    // initialize power HAL layer as early as possible
+    powerHAL_init();
+
+    // prevent booting if device is in power failure mode
+    // boot sequence will follow when battery level raises to safe mode
+    waitUntilPowerLevelSafe();
+
 #if defined(R1_NEO)
     pinMode(DCDC_EN_HOLD, OUTPUT);
     digitalWrite(DCDC_EN_HOLD, HIGH);

src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp

@@ -61,11 +61,6 @@ bool CryptoEngine::regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
     return true;
 }
 #endif
-void CryptoEngine::clearKeys()
-{
-    memset(public_key, 0, sizeof(public_key));
-    memset(private_key, 0, sizeof(private_key));
-}
 
 /**
  * Encrypt a packet's payload using a key generated with Curve25519 and SHA256

src/mesh/CryptoEngine.h

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ class CryptoEngine
     virtual bool regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
 
 #endif
-    void clearKeys();
     void setDHPrivateKey(uint8_t *_private_key);
     virtual bool encryptCurve25519(uint32_t toNode, uint32_t fromNode, meshtastic_UserLite_public_key_t remotePublic,
                                    uint64_t packetNum, size_t numBytes, const uint8_t *bytes, uint8_t *bytesOut);

src/mesh/NodeDB.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <pb_decode.h>
 #include <pb_encode.h>
+#include <power/PowerHAL.h>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
@@ -1418,6 +1419,14 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
 bool NodeDB::saveProto(const char *filename, size_t protoSize, const pb_msgdesc_t *fields, const void *dest_struct,
                        bool fullAtomic)
 {
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveProto() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool okay = false;
 #ifdef FSCom
     auto f = SafeFile(filename, fullAtomic);
@@ -1444,6 +1453,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveProto(const char *filename, size_t protoSize, const pb_msgdesc_
 
 bool NodeDB::saveChannelsToDisk()
 {
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveChannelsToDisk() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
 #ifdef FSCom
     spiLock->lock();
     FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
@@ -1454,6 +1471,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveChannelsToDisk()
 
 bool NodeDB::saveDeviceStateToDisk()
 {
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveDeviceStateToDisk() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
 #ifdef FSCom
     spiLock->lock();
     FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
@@ -1466,6 +1491,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveDeviceStateToDisk()
 
 bool NodeDB::saveNodeDatabaseToDisk()
 {
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveNodeDatabaseToDisk() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
 #ifdef FSCom
     spiLock->lock();
     FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
@@ -1478,6 +1511,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveNodeDatabaseToDisk()
 
 bool NodeDB::saveToDiskNoRetry(int saveWhat)
 {
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveToDiskNoRetry() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool success = true;
 #ifdef FSCom
     spiLock->lock();
@@ -1533,6 +1574,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveToDiskNoRetry(int saveWhat)
 bool NodeDB::saveToDisk(int saveWhat)
 {
     LOG_DEBUG("Save to disk %d", saveWhat);
+
+    // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
+    // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.
+    if (!powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("Error: trying to saveToDisk() on unsafe device power level.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool success = saveToDiskNoRetry(saveWhat);
 
     if (!success) {

src/modules/NodeInfoModule.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "Default.h"
 #include "MeshService.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
+#include "NodeStatus.h"
 #include "RTC.h"
 #include "Router.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
@@ -129,14 +130,17 @@ meshtastic_MeshPacket *NodeInfoModule::allocReply()
         LOG_DEBUG("Skip send NodeInfo > 40%% ch. util");
         return NULL;
     }
-    // If we sent our NodeInfo less than 5 min. ago, don't send it again as it may be still underway.
-    if (!shorterTimeout && lastSentToMesh && Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastSentToMesh, 5 * 60 * 1000)) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Skip send NodeInfo since we sent it <5min ago");
+
+    // Use graduated scaling based on active mesh size (10 minute base, scales with congestion coefficient)
+    uint32_t timeoutMs = Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMsScaled(0, 10 * 60, nodeStatus->getNumOnline());
+    if (!shorterTimeout && lastSentToMesh && Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastSentToMesh, timeoutMs)) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Skip send NodeInfo since we sent it <%us ago", timeoutMs / 1000);
         ignoreRequest = true; // Mark it as ignored for MeshModule
         return NULL;
     } else if (shorterTimeout && lastSentToMesh && Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(lastSentToMesh, 60 * 1000)) {
+        // For interactive/urgent requests (e.g., user-triggered or implicit requests), use a shorter 60s timeout
         LOG_DEBUG("Skip send NodeInfo since we sent it <60s ago");
-        ignoreRequest = true; // Mark it as ignored for MeshModule
+        ignoreRequest = true;
         return NULL;
     } else {
         ignoreRequest = false; // Don't ignore requests anymore

src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/RAK12035Sensor.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@
 #include "../mesh/generated/meshtastic/telemetry.pb.h"
 #include "RAK12035Sensor.h"
 
+// The RAK12035 library's sensor_sleep() sets WB_IO2 (GPIO 34) LOW, which controls
+// the 3.3V switched power rail (PIN_3V3_EN). This turns off power to ALL peripherals
+// including GPS. We need to restore power after the library turns it off.
+#ifdef PIN_3V3_EN
+#define RESTORE_3V3_POWER() digitalWrite(PIN_3V3_EN, HIGH)
+#else
+#define RESTORE_3V3_POWER()
+#endif
+
 RAK12035Sensor::RAK12035Sensor() : TelemetrySensor(meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType_RAK12035, "RAK12035") {}
 
 bool RAK12035Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
@@ -13,7 +22,6 @@ bool RAK12035Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
     delay(100);
     sensor.begin(dev->address.address);
 
-    // Get sensor firmware version
     uint8_t data = 0;
     sensor.get_sensor_version(&data);
     if (data != 0) {
@@ -21,8 +29,8 @@ bool RAK12035Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
         LOG_INFO("RAK12035Sensor Init Succeed \nSensor1 Firmware version: %i, Sensor Name: %s", data, sensorName);
         status = true;
         sensor.sensor_sleep();
+        RESTORE_3V3_POWER();
     } else {
-        // If we reach here, it means the sensor did not initialize correctly.
         LOG_INFO("Init sensor: %s", sensorName);
         LOG_ERROR("RAK12035Sensor Init Failed");
         status = false;
@@ -38,8 +46,6 @@ bool RAK12035Sensor::initDevice(TwoWire *bus, ScanI2C::FoundDevice *dev)
 
 void RAK12035Sensor::setup()
 {
-    // Set the calibration values
-    // Reading the saved calibration values from the sensor.
     // TODO:: Check for and run calibration check for up to 2 additional sensors if present.
     uint16_t zero_val = 0;
     uint16_t hundred_val = 0;
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ void RAK12035Sensor::setup()
         LOG_INFO("Wet calibration reset complete. New value is %d", hundred_val);
     }
     sensor.sensor_sleep();
+    RESTORE_3V3_POWER();
     delay(200);
     LOG_INFO("Dry calibration value is %d", zero_val);
     LOG_INFO("Wet calibration value is %d", hundred_val);
@@ -79,10 +86,6 @@ void RAK12035Sensor::setup()
 bool RAK12035Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
 {
     // TODO:: read and send metrics for up to 2 additional soil monitors if present.
-    //  -- how to do this.. this could get a little complex..
-    //     ie - 1> we combine them into an average and send that, 2> we send them as separate metrics
-    //      ^-- these scenarios would require different handling of the metrics in the receiving end and maybe a setting in the
-    //      device ui and an additional proto for that?
     measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_temperature = true;
     measurement->variant.environment_metrics.has_soil_moisture = true;
 
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ bool RAK12035Sensor::getMetrics(meshtastic_Telemetry *measurement)
     success &= sensor.get_sensor_temperature(&temp);
     delay(200);
     sensor.sensor_sleep();
+    RESTORE_3V3_POWER();
 
     if (success == false) {
         LOG_ERROR("Failed to read sensor data");

src/platform/nrf52/NRF52Bluetooth.cpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void startAdv(void)
     Bluefruit.Advertising.addService(meshBleService);
     /* Start Advertising
      * - Enable auto advertising if disconnected
-     * - Interval:  fast mode = 20 ms, slow mode = 152.5 ms
+     * - Interval:  fast mode = 20 ms, slow mode = 417,5 ms
      * - Timeout for fast mode is 30 seconds
      * - Start(timeout) with timeout = 0 will advertise forever (until connected)
      *
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void startAdv(void)
      * https://developer.apple.com/library/content/qa/qa1931/_index.html
      */
     Bluefruit.Advertising.restartOnDisconnect(true);
-    Bluefruit.Advertising.setInterval(32, 244); // in unit of 0.625 ms
+    Bluefruit.Advertising.setInterval(32, 668); // in unit of 0.625 ms
     Bluefruit.Advertising.setFastTimeout(30);   // number of seconds in fast mode
     Bluefruit.Advertising.start(0); // 0 = Don't stop advertising after n seconds.  FIXME, we should stop advertising after X
 }
@@ -240,6 +240,12 @@ int NRF52Bluetooth::getRssi()
 {
     return 0; // FIXME figure out where to source this
 }
+
+// Valid BLE TX power levels as per nRF52840 Product Specification are: "-20 to +8 dBm TX power, configurable in 4 dB steps".
+// See https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ps_nrf52840/page/keyfeatures_html5.html
+#define VALID_BLE_TX_POWER(x)                                                                                                    \
+    ((x) == -20 || (x) == -16 || (x) == -12 || (x) == -8 || (x) == -4 || (x) == 0 || (x) == 4 || (x) == 8)
+
 void NRF52Bluetooth::setup()
 {
     // Initialise the Bluefruit module
@@ -251,6 +257,9 @@ void NRF52Bluetooth::setup()
     Bluefruit.Advertising.stop();
     Bluefruit.Advertising.clearData();
     Bluefruit.ScanResponse.clearData();
+#if defined(NRF52_BLE_TX_POWER) && VALID_BLE_TX_POWER(NRF52_BLE_TX_POWER)
+    Bluefruit.setTxPower(NRF52_BLE_TX_POWER);
+#endif
     if (config.bluetooth.mode != meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_PairingMode_NO_PIN) {
         configuredPasskey = config.bluetooth.mode == meshtastic_Config_BluetoothConfig_PairingMode_FIXED_PIN
                                 ? config.bluetooth.fixed_pin
@@ -272,6 +281,29 @@ void NRF52Bluetooth::setup()
     // Set the connect/disconnect callback handlers
     Bluefruit.Periph.setConnectCallback(onConnect);
     Bluefruit.Periph.setDisconnectCallback(onDisconnect);
+
+    // Do not change Slave Latency to value other than 0 !!!
+    // There is probably a bug in SoftDevice + certain Apple iOS versions being
+    // brain damaged causing connectivity problems.
+
+    // On one side it seems SoftDevice is using SlaveLatency value even
+    // if connection parameter negotation failed and phone sees it as connectivity errors.
+
+    // On the other hand Apple can randomly refuse any parameter negotiation and shutdown connection
+    // even if you meet Apple Developer Guidelines for BLE devices. Because f* you, that's why.
+
+    // While this API call sets preferred connection parameters (PPCP) - many phones ignore it (yeah) and it seems SoftDevice
+    // will try to renegotiate connection parameters based on those values after phone connection.
+    // So those are relatively safe values so Apple braindead firmware won't get angry and at least we may try
+    // to negotiate some longer connection interval to save battery.
+
+    // See https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/8858 for measurements.  We are dealing with microamp savings anyway so not
+    // worth dying on a hill here.
+
+    Bluefruit.Periph.setConnSlaveLatency(0);
+    // 1.25 ms units - so min, max is 15, 100 ms range.
+    Bluefruit.Periph.setConnInterval(12, 80);
+
 #ifndef BLE_DFU_SECURE
     bledfu.setPermission(SECMODE_ENC_WITH_MITM, SECMODE_ENC_WITH_MITM);
     bledfu.begin(); // Install the DFU helper
@@ -300,7 +332,7 @@ void NRF52Bluetooth::setup()
 void NRF52Bluetooth::resumeAdvertising()
 {
     Bluefruit.Advertising.restartOnDisconnect(true);
-    Bluefruit.Advertising.setInterval(32, 244); // in unit of 0.625 ms
+    Bluefruit.Advertising.setInterval(32, 668); // in unit of 0.625 ms
     Bluefruit.Advertising.setFastTimeout(30);   // number of seconds in fast mode
     Bluefruit.Advertising.start(0);
 }

src/platform/nrf52/architecture.h

@@ -5,6 +5,25 @@
 //
 // defaults for NRF52 architecture
 //
+
+/*
+ * Internal Reference is +/-0.6V, with an adjustable gain of 1/6, 1/5, 1/4,
+ * 1/3, 1/2 or 1, meaning 3.6, 3.0, 2.4, 1.8, 1.2 or 0.6V for the ADC levels.
+ *
+ * External Reference is VDD/4, with an adjustable gain of 1, 2 or 4, meaning
+ * VDD/4, VDD/2 or VDD for the ADC levels.
+ *
+ * Default settings are internal reference with 1/6 gain (GND..3.6V ADC range)
+ * Some variants overwrite it.
+ */
+#ifndef AREF_VOLTAGE
+#define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.6
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 10
+#endif
+
 #ifndef HAS_BLUETOOTH
 #define HAS_BLUETOOTH 1
 #endif

src/platform/nrf52/main-nrf52.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 #define NRFX_WDT_ENABLED 1
 #define NRFX_WDT0_ENABLED 1
 #define NRFX_WDT_CONFIG_NO_IRQ 1
-#include <nrfx_wdt.c>
-#include <nrfx_wdt.h>
-
+#include "nrfx_power.h"
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ble_gap.h>
 #include <memory.h>
+#include <nrfx_wdt.c>
+#include <nrfx_wdt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 // #include <Adafruit_USBD_Device.h>
 #include "NodeDB.h"
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #include "power.h"
+#include <power/PowerHAL.h>
 
 #include <hal/nrf_lpcomp.h>
 
@@ -30,6 +31,21 @@
 #include "BQ25713.h"
 #endif
 
+// WARNING! THRESHOLD + HYSTERESIS should be less than regulated VDD voltage - which depends on board
+// and is 3.0 or 3.3V. Also VDD likes to read values like 2.9999 so make sure you account for that
+// otherwise board will not boot at all. Before you modify this part - please triple read NRF52840 power design
+// section in datasheet and you understand how REG0 and REG1 regulators work together.
+#ifndef SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD
+#define SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD 2.7
+#endif
+
+// hysteresis value
+#ifndef SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_HYST
+#define SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_HYST 0.2
+#endif
+
+uint16_t getVDDVoltage();
+
 // Weak empty variant initialization function.
 // May be redefined by variant files.
 void variant_shutdown() __attribute__((weak));
@@ -38,12 +54,95 @@ void variant_shutdown() {}
 static nrfx_wdt_t nrfx_wdt = NRFX_WDT_INSTANCE(0);
 static nrfx_wdt_channel_id nrfx_wdt_channel_id_nrf52_main;
 
+// This is a public global so that the debugger can set it to false automatically from our gdbinit
+// @phaseloop comment: most part of codebase, including filesystem flash driver depend on softdevice
+// methods so disabling it may actually crash thing. Proceed with caution.
+
+bool useSoftDevice = true; // Set to false for easier debugging
+
 static inline void debugger_break(void)
 {
     __asm volatile("bkpt #0x01\n\t"
                    "mov pc, lr\n\t");
 }
 
+// PowerHAL NRF52 specific function implementations
+bool powerHAL_isVBUSConnected()
+{
+    return NRF_POWER->USBREGSTATUS & POWER_USBREGSTATUS_VBUSDETECT_Msk;
+}
+
+bool powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()
+{
+
+    static bool powerLevelSafe = true;
+
+    uint16_t threshold = SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD * 1000; // convert V to mV
+    uint16_t hysteresis = SAFE_VDD_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_HYST * 1000;
+
+    if (powerLevelSafe) {
+        if (getVDDVoltage() < threshold) {
+            powerLevelSafe = false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // power level is only safe again when it raises above threshold + hysteresis
+        if (getVDDVoltage() >= (threshold + hysteresis)) {
+            powerLevelSafe = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return powerLevelSafe;
+}
+
+void powerHAL_platformInit()
+{
+
+    // Enable POF power failure comparator. It will prevent writing to NVMC flash when supply voltage is too low.
+    // Set to some low value as last resort - powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe uses different method and should manage proper node
+    // behaviour on its own.
+
+    // POFWARN is pretty useless for node power management because it triggers only once and clearing this event will not
+    // re-trigger it again until voltage rises to safe level and drops again. So we will use SAADC routed to VDD to read safely
+    // voltage.
+
+    // @phaseloop: I disable POFCON for now because it seems to be unreliable or buggy. Even when set at 2.0V it
+    // triggers below 2.8V and corrupts data when pairing bluetooth - because it prevents filesystem writes and
+    // adafruit BLE library triggers lfs_assert which reboots node and formats filesystem.
+    // I did experiments with bench power supply and no matter what is set to POFCON, it always triggers right below
+    // 2.8V. I compared raw registry values with datasheet.
+
+    NRF_POWER->POFCON =
+        ((POWER_POFCON_THRESHOLD_V22 << POWER_POFCON_THRESHOLD_Pos) | (POWER_POFCON_POF_Enabled << POWER_POFCON_POF_Pos));
+
+    // remember to always match VBAT_AR_INTERNAL with AREF_VALUE in variant definition file
+#ifdef VBAT_AR_INTERNAL
+    analogReference(VBAT_AR_INTERNAL);
+#else
+    analogReference(AR_INTERNAL); // 3.6V
+#endif
+}
+
+// get VDD voltage (in millivolts)
+uint16_t getVDDVoltage()
+{
+    // we use the same values as regular battery read so there is no conflict on SAADC
+    analogReadResolution(BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS);
+
+    // VDD range on NRF52840 is 1.8-3.3V so we need to remap analog reference to 3.6V
+    // let's hope battery reading runs in same task and we don't have race condition
+    analogReference(AR_INTERNAL);
+
+    uint16_t vddADCRead = analogReadVDD();
+    float voltage = ((1000 * 3.6) / pow(2, BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS)) * vddADCRead;
+
+// restore default battery reading reference
+#ifdef VBAT_AR_INTERNAL
+    analogReference(VBAT_AR_INTERNAL);
+#endif
+
+    return voltage;
+}
+
 bool loopCanSleep()
 {
     // turn off sleep only while connected via USB
@@ -72,22 +171,6 @@ void getMacAddr(uint8_t *dmac)
     dmac[0] = src[5] | 0xc0; // MSB high two bits get set elsewhere in the bluetooth stack
 }
 
-static void initBrownout()
-{
-    auto vccthresh = POWER_POFCON_THRESHOLD_V24;
-
-    auto err_code = sd_power_pof_enable(POWER_POFCON_POF_Enabled);
-    assert(err_code == NRF_SUCCESS);
-
-    err_code = sd_power_pof_threshold_set(vccthresh);
-    assert(err_code == NRF_SUCCESS);
-
-    // We don't bother with setting up brownout if soft device is disabled - because during production we always use softdevice
-}
-
-// This is a public global so that the debugger can set it to false automatically from our gdbinit
-bool useSoftDevice = true; // Set to false for easier debugging
-
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_BLUETOOTH
 void setBluetoothEnable(bool enable)
 {
@@ -106,7 +189,6 @@ void setBluetoothEnable(bool enable)
         if (!initialized) {
             nrf52Bluetooth = new NRF52Bluetooth();
             nrf52Bluetooth->startDisabled();
-            initBrownout();
             initialized = true;
         }
         return;
@@ -120,9 +202,6 @@ void setBluetoothEnable(bool enable)
             LOG_DEBUG("Init NRF52 Bluetooth");
             nrf52Bluetooth = new NRF52Bluetooth();
             nrf52Bluetooth->setup();
-
-            // We delay brownout init until after BLE because BLE starts soft device
-            initBrownout();
         }
         // Already setup, apparently
         else
@@ -192,9 +271,24 @@ extern "C" void lfs_assert(const char *reason)
     delay(500); // Give the serial port a bit of time to output that last message.
     // Try setting GPREGRET with the SoftDevice first. If that fails (perhaps because the SD hasn't been initialize yet) then set
     // NRF_POWER->GPREGRET directly.
-    if (!(sd_power_gpregret_clr(0, 0xFF) == NRF_SUCCESS && sd_power_gpregret_set(0, NRF52_MAGIC_LFS_IS_CORRUPT) == NRF_SUCCESS)) {
+
+    // TODO: this will/can crash CPU if bluetooth stack is not compiled in or bluetooth is not initialized
+    // (regardless if enabled or disabled) - as there is no live SoftDevice stack
+    // implement "safe" functions detecting softdevice stack state and using proper method to set registers
+
+    // do not set GPREGRET if POFWARN is triggered because it means lfs_assert reports flash undervoltage protection
+    // and not data corruption. Reboot is fine as boot procedure will wait until power level is safe again
+
+    if (!NRF_POWER->EVENTS_POFWARN) {
+        if (!(sd_power_gpregret_clr(0, 0xFF) == NRF_SUCCESS &&
+              sd_power_gpregret_set(0, NRF52_MAGIC_LFS_IS_CORRUPT) == NRF_SUCCESS)) {
             NRF_POWER->GPREGRET = NRF52_MAGIC_LFS_IS_CORRUPT;
         }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: this should not be done when SoftDevice is enabled as device will not boot back on soft reset
+    // as some data is retained in RAM which will prevent re-enabling bluetooth stack
+    // Google what Nordic has to say about NVIC_* + SoftDevice
     NVIC_SystemReset();
 }
 

src/power/PowerHAL.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+#include "PowerHAL.h"
+
+void powerHAL_init()
+{
+    return powerHAL_platformInit();
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, noinline)) void powerHAL_platformInit() {}
+
+__attribute__((weak, noinline)) bool powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe()
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, noinline)) bool powerHAL_isVBUSConnected()
+{
+    return false;
+}

src/power/PowerHAL.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+/*
+
+Power Hardware Abstraction Layer. Set of API calls to offload power management, measurements, reboots, etc
+to the platform and variant code to avoid #ifdef spaghetti hell and limitless device-based edge cases
+in the main firmware code
+
+Functions declared here (with exception of powerHAL_init) should be defined in platform specific codebase.
+Default function body does usually nothing.
+
+*/
+
+// Initialize HAL layer. Call it as early as possible during device boot
+// do not overwrite it as it's not declared with "weak" attribute.
+void powerHAL_init();
+
+// platform specific init code if needed to be run early on boot
+void powerHAL_platformInit();
+
+// Return true if current battery level is safe for device operation (for example flash writes).
+// This should be reported by power failure comparator (NRF52) or similar circuits on other platforms.
+// Do not use battery ADC as improper ADC configuration may prevent device from booting.
+bool powerHAL_isPowerLevelSafe();
+
+// return if USB voltage is connected
+bool powerHAL_isVBUSConnected();

variants/esp32/chatter2/platformio.ini

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ build_flags =
   ${esp32_base.build_flags}
   -D CHATTER_2
   -I variants/esp32/chatter2
+  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_WEBSERVER=1
+  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PAXCOUNTER=1
   
 lib_deps =
   ${esp32_base.lib_deps}

variants/esp32/m5stack_core/platformio.ini

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ build_flags =
   ${esp32_base.build_flags}
   -I variants/esp32/m5stack_core
   -DM5STACK
+  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_WEBSERVER=1
+  -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PAXCOUNTER=1
   -DUSER_SETUP_LOADED
   -DTFT_SDA_READ
   -DTFT_DRIVER=0x9341

variants/nrf52840/ELECROW-ThinkNode-M6/variant.cpp

@@ -67,4 +67,8 @@ void variant_shutdown()
     nrf_gpio_cfg_input(PIN_BUTTON1, NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLUP); // Configure the pin to be woken up as an input
     nrf_gpio_pin_sense_t sense1 = NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_LOW;
     nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_set(PIN_BUTTON1, sense1);
+
+    nrf_gpio_cfg_input(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLUP); // Configure the pin to be woken up as an input
+    nrf_gpio_pin_sense_t sense2 = NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_LOW;
+    nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_set(EXT_CHRG_DETECT, sense2);
 }

variants/nrf52840/dls_Minimesh_Lite/platformio.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[env:minimesh_lite]
+extends = nrf52840_base
+board = minimesh_lite
+board_level = extra
+build_flags = ${nrf52840_base.build_flags}
+  -Ivariants/nrf52840/dls_Minimesh_Lite
+  -DPRIVATE_HW
+build_src_filter = ${nrf52_base.build_src_filter} +<../variants/nrf52840/dls_Minimesh_Lite>
+debug_tool = jlink

variants/nrf52840/dls_Minimesh_Lite/variant.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+  Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Arduino LLC.  All right reserved.
+  Copyright (c) 2016 Sandeep Mistry All right reserved.
+  Copyright (c) 2018, Adafruit Industries (adafruit.com)
+
+  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+*/
+
+#include "variant.h"
+#include "nrf.h"
+#include "wiring_constants.h"
+#include "wiring_digital.h"
+
+const uint32_t g_ADigitalPinMap[] = {
+    // P0
+    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
+
+    // P1
+    32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47};
+
+void initVariant()
+{
+    // 3V3 Power Rail
+    pinMode(PIN_3V3_EN, OUTPUT);
+    digitalWrite(PIN_3V3_EN, HIGH);
+}

variants/nrf52840/dls_Minimesh_Lite/variant.h

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef _VARIANT_MINIMESH_LITE_
+#define _VARIANT_MINIMESH_LITE_
+
+#define VARIANT_MCK (64000000ul)
+#define USE_LFRC
+
+#include "WVariant.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define MINIMESH_LITE
+
+// Number of pins defined in PinDescription array
+#define PINS_COUNT (48)
+#define NUM_DIGITAL_PINS (48)
+#define NUM_ANALOG_INPUTS (1)
+#define NUM_ANALOG_OUTPUTS (0)
+
+#define PIN_3V3_EN (0 + 13) // P0.13
+
+// Analog pins
+#define BATTERY_PIN (0 + 31) // P0.31 Battery ADC
+#define ADC_CHANNEL ADC1_GPIO4_CHANNEL
+#define ADC_RESOLUTION 14
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION_BITS 12
+#define BATTERY_SENSE_RESOLUTION 4096.0
+#define VBAT_MV_PER_LSB (0.73242188F)
+#define VBAT_DIVIDER (0.6F)
+#define VBAT_DIVIDER_COMP (1.73)
+#define REAL_VBAT_MV_PER_LSB (VBAT_DIVIDER_COMP * VBAT_MV_PER_LSB)
+#undef AREF_VOLTAGE
+#define AREF_VOLTAGE 3.0
+#define VBAT_AR_INTERNAL AR_INTERNAL_3_0
+#define ADC_MULTIPLIER VBAT_DIVIDER_COMP
+#define VBAT_RAW_TO_SCALED(x) (REAL_VBAT_MV_PER_LSB * x)
+
+// WIRE IC AND IIC PINS
+#define WIRE_INTERFACES_COUNT 1
+
+#define PIN_WIRE_SDA (32 + 4)
+#define PIN_WIRE_SCL (0 + 11)
+
+// LED
+#define PIN_LED1 (0 + 15)
+#define LED_BUILTIN PIN_LED1
+// Actually red
+#define LED_BLUE PIN_LED1
+#define LED_STATE_ON 1
+
+// Button
+#define BUTTON_PIN (32 + 0)
+
+// GPS
+#define GPS_TX_PIN (0 + 20)
+#define GPS_RX_PIN (0 + 22)
+
+#define PIN_GPS_EN (0 + 24)
+#define GPS_UBLOX
+// define GPS_DEBUG
+
+// UART interfaces
+#define PIN_SERIAL1_TX GPS_TX_PIN
+#define PIN_SERIAL1_RX GPS_RX_PIN
+
+#define PIN_SERIAL2_RX (0 + 6)
+#define PIN_SERIAL2_TX (0 + 8)
+
+// Serial interfaces
+#define SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT 1
+
+#define PIN_SPI_MISO (0 + 2)
+#define PIN_SPI_MOSI (32 + 15)
+#define PIN_SPI_SCK (32 + 11)
+
+#define LORA_MISO PIN_SPI_MISO
+#define LORA_MOSI PIN_SPI_MOSI
+#define LORA_SCK PIN_SPI_SCK
+#define LORA_CS (32 + 13)
+
+// LORA MODULES
+#define USE_LLCC68
+#define USE_SX1262
+#define USE_SX1268
+
+// SX126X CONFIG
+#define SX126X_CS (32 + 13)
+#define SX126X_DIO1 (0 + 10)
+#define SX126X_DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH
+
+#define SX126X_BUSY (0 + 29)
+#define SX126X_RESET (0 + 9)
+#define SX126X_RXEN (0 + 17)
+#define SX126X_TXEN RADIOLIB_NC
+
+#define SX126X_DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE 1.8
+#define TCXO_OPTIONAL // make it so that the firmware can try both TCXO and XTAL
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // _VARIANT_MINIMESH_LITE_

variants/nrf52840/heltec_mesh_node_t114/variant.h

@@ -150,6 +150,14 @@ No longer populated on PCB
 #define PIN_SPI1_MOSI ST7789_SDA
 #define PIN_SPI1_SCK ST7789_SCK
 
+/*
+ * Bluetooth
+ */
+
+// The bluetooth transmit power on the nRF52840 is adjustable from -20dB to +8dB in steps of 4dB
+// so NRF52_BLE_TX_POWER can be set to -20, -16, -12, -8, -4, 0 (default), 4, and 8.
+//#define NRF52_BLE_TX_POWER 8
+
 /*
  * GPS pins
  */

version.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [VERSION]  
 major = 2
 minor = 7
-build = 18
+build = 19