cc @mc-hamster. In some cases storeForwardPluginRadio can be null ;-)
~/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32$ bin/exception_decoder.py -e .pio/build/tbeam/firmware.elf ex
stack:
0x401db467: StoreForwardPluginRadio::sendPayload(unsigned int, bool) at /home/kevinh/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/src/plugins/esp32/StoreForwardPlugin.cpp:235
0x400e7cbd: StoreForwardPlugin::runOnce() at /home/kevinh/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/src/plugins/esp32/StoreForwardPlugin.cpp:225
0x400d4cca: concurrency::OSThread::run() at /home/kevinh/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/src/concurrency/OSThread.cpp:45
0x400f015d: ThreadController::runOrDelay() at /home/kevinh/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/.pio/libdeps/tbeam/Thread/ThreadController.cpp:153
0x400da070: loop() at /home/kevinh/development/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/src/main.cpp:621
0x400ff709: loopTask(void*) at /home/kevinh/.platformio/packages/framework-arduinoespressif32/cores/esp32/main.cpp:19
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hester <kevinh@geeksville.com>
Instead of holding onto only the last measurement, hold onto a copy of the last MeshPacket containing a measurement
This will make it easier to display the last time received
make DHT sensor reads more reliable
user preference for Farenheit vs Celsius
specifying a tag/commit/etc (I haven't tried specifying a branch?)
Without specifying the hash, the build breaks for anyone who already had
a repo (the CI build doesn't see this because it always pulls from scratch)
cc @crossan007 & @mc-hamster
# Can optionally take parameters from the github UI, more info here https://github.blog/changelog/2020-07-06-github-actions-manual-triggers-with-workflow_dispatch/#:~:text=You%20can%20now%20create%20workflows,the%20workflow%20is%20run%20on.
# workflow_dispatch:
# inputs:
# Only want to be run if a new tag starting with v is pushed.
push:
branches:
- "!*"
tags:
- "v*"
jobs:
build:
runs-on:ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name:Checkout code
uses:actions/checkout@v2
with:
submodules:'recursive'
# get github branch and tag names as ${{ steps.branch_name.outputs.SOURCE_TAG }}
inexpensive GPS mesh radios as an extensible, super long battery life mesh GPS communicator. These radios are great for hiking, skiing, paragliding -
essentially any hobby where you don't have reliable internet access. Each member of your private mesh can always see the location and distance of all other
members and any text messages sent to your group chat.
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@ We currently support three models of radios.
- [T-Beam V0.7 w/ NEO-6M](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000574335430.html) (will work but **you must use the tbeam0.7 firmware ** - but the T-Beam V1.0 or later are better!)
Note: The GPS and LoRa stock antennas should be placed in a way, that the GPS antenna faces the sky and the LoRa antenna radiates 360 degrees horizontally. For better GPS reception you might want to [upgrade the GPS antenna](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/t/the-importance-of-gps-antennas-and-request-to-3d-case-documentation-people/1505) and to properly align the antennas you might want to upgrade to a LoRa antenna that can be adjusted to radiate into the right directions.
**Make sure to get the frequency for your country**
@@ -193,7 +199,7 @@ We'd love to have you join us on this merry little project. Please see our [deve
# Credits
This project is run by volunteers. Past contributors include:
This project is run by volunteers. We are a friendly group and welcome any contribution (code fixes, documentation, features, bug reports etc...). We try to be good about listing contributor names in release notes, but it has become unwieldy for the main-devs to keep updating the list below and we've neglected it too long. If you'd like your name included in this list please send a pull request to edit this README and simply add your line yourself. Thank you very much for your help!
-@astro-arphid: Added support for 433MHz radios in europe.
-@claesg: Various documentation fixes and 3D print enclosures
inexpensive (\$30 ish) GPS radios as an extensible, long battery life, secure, mesh GPS communicator. These radios are great for hiking, skiing, paragliding - essentially any hobby where you don't have reliable internet access. Each member of your private mesh can always see the location and distance of all other members and any text messages sent to your group chat.
The radios automatically create a mesh to forward packets as needed, so everyone in the group can receive messages from even the furthest member. The radios will optionally work with your phone, but no phone is required.
Note: Questions after reading this? See our new [forum](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/).
### Uses
- Outdoor sports where cellular coverage is limited. (Hiking, Skiing, Boating, Paragliding, Gliders etc..)
- Applications where closed source GPS communicators just won't cut it (it is easy to add features for glider pilots etc...)
- Secure long-range communication within groups without depending on cellular providers
- Finding your lost kids ;-)
- Through our [python API](https://pypi.org/project/meshtastic/) use these inexpensive radios to easily add mesh networking to your own projects.
[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlNbMbVZlHI "Meshtastic early demo")
### Features
Not all of these features are fully implemented yet - see **important** disclaimers below. But they should be in by the time we decide to call this project beta (three months?)
- Very long battery life (should be about eight days with the beta software)
- Built in GPS and [LoRa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa) radio, but we manage the radio automatically for you
- Long range - a few miles per node but each node will forward packets as needed
- Secure - channels are encrypted by AES256 (But see important disclaimers below wrt this feature)
- Shows direction and distance to all members of your channel
- Directed or broadcast text messages for channel members
- Open and extensible codebase supporting multiple hardware vendors - no lock in to one vendor
- Communication API for bluetooth devices (such as our Android app) to use the mesh. An iOS application is in the works. And [Meshtastic-python](https://pypi.org/project/meshtastic/) provides access from desktop computers.
- Very easy sharing of private secured channels. Just share a special link or QR code with friends and they can join your encrypted mesh
This project is currently in beta testing but it is fairly stable and feature complete - if you have questions please [join our discussion forum](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/).
This software is 100% open source and developed by a group of hobbyist experimenters. No warranty is provided, if you'd like to improve it - we'd love your help. Please post in the [forum](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/).
### Beginner's Guide
For an detailed walk-through aimed at beginners, we recommend [meshtastic.letstalkthis.com](https://meshtastic.letstalkthis.com/).
### Related Groups
Telegram group for **Italy**-based users [t.me/meshtastic_italia](http://t.me/meshtastic_italia) (Italian language, unofficial).
# Updates
Note: Updates are happening almost daily, only major updates are listed below. For more details see our forum.
- 09/14/2020 - 1.0.0 Now with over 1700 android users, over 2000 nodes and translated into 15 languages. This project will always be a "beta" experiment, but now quite usable. We are currently selecting 1.1 features in our discussion forum.
- 06/24/2020 - 0.7.x Now with over 1000 android users, over 600 people using the radios and translated into 22 languages. Fairly stable and we are working through bugs to get to 1.0.
- 06/04/2020 - 0.6.7 Beta releases of both the application and the device code are released. Features are fairly solid now with a sizable number of users.
- 04/28/2020 - 0.6.0 [Python API](https://pypi.org/project/meshtastic/) released. Makes it easy to use meshtastic devices as "zero config / just works" mesh transport adapters for other projects.
- 04/20/2020 - 0.4.3 Pretty solid now both for the android app and the device code. Many people have donated translations and code. Probably going to call it a beta soon.
- 03/03/2020 - 0.0.9 of the Android app and device code is released. Still an alpha but fairly functional.
- 02/25/2020 - 0.0.4 of the Android app is released. This is a very early alpha, see below to join the alpha-testers group.
- 02/23/2020 - 0.0.4 release. Still very bleeding edge but much closer to the final power management, a charged T-BEAM should run for many days with this load. If you'd like to try it, we'd love your feedback. Click [here](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-esp32/blob/master/README.md) for instructions.
- 02/20/2020 - Our first alpha release (0.0.3) of the radio software is ready brave early people.
## Meshtastic Android app
Our Android application is available here:
[](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.geeksville.mesh&referrer=utm_source%3Dgithub-homepage)
The link above will return older more stable releases. We would prefer if you join our alpha-test group, because the application is rapidly improving. Three steps to opt-in to the alpha- test:
1. Join [this Google group](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/meshtastic-alpha-testers) with the account you use in Google Play.
2. Go to this [URL](https://play.google.com/apps/testing/com.geeksville.mesh) to opt-in to the alpha test.
3. If you encounter any problems or have questions, post in our [forum](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/) and we'll help.
If you'd like to help with development, the source code is [on github](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-Android).
The app is also distributed for Amazon Fire devices via the Amazon appstore: [](https://www.amazon.com/Geeksville-Industries-Meshtastic/dp/B08CY9394Q)
## Supported hardware
We currently support two brands of radios. The [TTGO T-Beam](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4001178678568.html) and the [Heltec LoRa 32](https://heltec.org/project/wifi-lora-32/). Most people should buy the T-Beam and a 18650 battery (total cost less than \$35). Also, the version of the T-Beam we link to is shipped with Meshtastic **preinstalled** by TTGO, so you don't have to install it yourself.
Make sure to buy the frequency range which is legal for your country. For the USA, you should buy the 915MHz version. Getting a version that include a screen is optional, but highly recommended.
Instructions for installing prebuilt firmware can be found [here](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-esp32/blob/master/README.md).
For a nice looking cases:
- 3D printable cases
1. TTGO T-Beam V0 see this [design](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3773717) by [bsiege](https://www.thingiverse.com/bsiege).
2. TTGO T_Beam V1 (SMA) see this [design](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3830711) by [rwanrooy](https://www.thingiverse.com/rwanrooy) or this [remix](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3949330) by [8ung](https://www.thingiverse.com/8ung)
3. TTGO T_Beam V1 (IPEX) see this [design](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4587297) by [drewsed](https://www.thingiverse.com/drewsed)
4. Heltec Lora32 see this [design](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3125854) by [ornotermes](https://www.thingiverse.com/ornotermes).
- Laser-cut cases
1. TTGO T_Beam V1 (SMA) see this [design](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4552771) by [jefish](https://www.thingiverse.com/jefish)
# IMPORTANT DISCLAIMERS AND FAQ
For a listing of currently missing features and a FAQ click [here](faq.md).
This project is still pretty young but moving at a pretty good pace. Not all features are fully implemented in the current alpha builds.
Most of these problems should be solved by the beta release (within three months):
- We don't make these devices and they haven't been tested by UL or the FCC. If you use them you are experimenting and we can't promise they won't burn your house down ;-)
- The encryption implementation is good but see this list of [caveats](software/crypto.md#summary-of-strengthsweaknesses-of-our-current-implementation) to determine risks you might face.
- A number of (straightforward) software work items have to be completed before battery life matches our measurements, currently battery life is about three days. Join us on chat if you want the spreadsheet of power measurements/calculations.
- The Android API needs to be documented better
- No one has written an iOS app yet. But some good souls [are talking about it](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-esp32/issues/14) ;-)
For more details see the [device software TODO](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-esp32/blob/master/docs/software/TODO.md) or the [Android app TODO](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-Android/blob/master/TODO.md).
# FAQ
If you have a question missing from this faq, please [ask in our discussion forum](https://meshtastic.discourse.group/). And if you are feeling extra generous send in a pull-request for this faq.md with whatever we answered ;-).
## Q: Which of the various supported radios should I buy?
Basically you just need the radio + (optional but recommended) battery. The TBEAM is usually better because it has gps and huge battery socket. The Heltec is basically the same hardware but without the GPS (the phone provides position data to the radio in that case, so the behavior is similar - but it does burn some battery in the phone). Also the battery for the Heltec can be smaller.
In addition to Aliexpress, (banggood.com) usually has stock and faster shipping, or Amazon. If buying a TBEAM, make sure to buy a version that includes the OLED screen - this project doesn't absolutely require the screen, but we use it if is installed.
@claesg has added links to various 3D printable cases, you can see them at (www.meshtastic.org).
## Q: Do you have plans to commercialize this project
Nope. though if some other person/group wanted to use this software and a more customized device we think that would be awesome (as long as they obey the GPL license).
## Q: Does this project use patented algorithms?
(Kindly borrowed from the geeks at [ffmpeg](http://ffmpeg.org/legal.html))
We do not know, we are not lawyers so we are not qualified to answer this. Also we have never read patents to implement any part of this, so even if we were qualified we could not answer it as we do not know what is patented. Furthermore the sheer number of software patents makes it impossible to read them all so no one (lawyer or not) could answer such a question with a definite no. We are merely geeks experimenting on a fun and free project.
We don't collect any personal identifying information.
If you have opted-in to analytics (thank you - that helps us know what things we need to improve), we'll receive anonymized information about user behavior. i.e. which screens you used in the app etc... We never
capture usernames, the contents of your texts or your location.
This is an open-source project run by hobbyists and we try to be completely transparent. If you have questions on this policy, please file [a github issue](https://github.com/meshtastic/meshtastic-esp32/issues) and we'll reply/clarify/correct.
We use the same channel maps as LoRaWAN (though this is not LoRaWAN).

See [this site](https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Tutorials/LoRa-channels-list.html) for more information.
## LoRaWAN Europe Frequency Band
The maximum power allowed is +14dBm ERP (Effective Radiated Power, see [this site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_radiated_power) for more information).
### 433 MHz
There are eight channels defined with a 0.2 MHz gap between them.
Channel zero starts at 433.175 MHz
### 870 MHz
There are eight channels defined with a 0.3 MHz gap between them.
Channel zero starts at 865.20 MHz
## LoRaWAN for North America
LoRaWAN defines 64, 125 kHz channels from 902.3 to 914.9 MHz increments.
The maximum output power for North America is +30 dBm ERP.
The band is from 902 to 928 MHz. It mentions channel number and its respective channel frequency. All the 13 channels are separated by 2.16 MHz with respect to the adjacent channels.
Channel zero starts at 903.08 MHz center frequency.
* DONE have python tool check max packet size before sending to device
* DONE if request was sent reliably, send reply reliably
* DONE require a recent python api to talk to these new device loads
* DONE require a recent android app to talk to these new device loads
* DONE fix handleIncomingPosition
* DONE move want_replies handling into plugins
* DONE on android for received positions handle either old or new positions / user messages
* DONE on android side send old or new positions as needed / user messages
* DONE test python side handle new position/user messages
* DONE make a gpio example. --gpiowrb 4 1, --gpiord 0x444, --gpiowatch 0x3ff
* DONE fix position sending to use new plugin
* DONE Add SinglePortNumPlugin - as the new most useful baseclass
* DONE move positions into regular data packets (use new app framework)
* DONE move user info into regular data packets (use new app framework)
* DONE test that positions, text messages and user info still work
* DONE test that position, text messages and user info work properly with new android app and old device code
* do UDP tunnel
* fix the RTC drift bug
* move python ping functionality into device, reply with rxsnr info
* use channels for gpio security https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-device/issues/104
* generate autodocs
* MeshPackets for sending should be reference counted so that API clients would have the option of checking sent status (would allow removing the nasty 30 sec timer in gpio watch sending)
For high speed/lots of devices/short range tasks:
- When guessing numhops for sending: if I've heard from many local (0 hop neighbors) decrease hopcount by 2 rather than 1.
This should nicely help 'router' nodes do the right thing when long range, or if there are many local nodes for short range.
- fix timeouts/delays to be based on packet length at current radio settings
* update faq with antennas https://meshtastic.discourse.group/t/range-test-ideas-requested/738/2
* update faq on recommended android version and phones
* add help link inside the app, reference a page on the wiki
* turn on amazon reviews support
* add a tablet layout (with map next to messages) in the android app
# Old docs to merge
MESH RADIO PROTOCOL
Old TODO notes on the mesh radio protocol, merge into real docs someday...
for each named group we have a pre-shared key known by all group members and
wrapped around the device. you can only be in one group at a time (FIXME?!) To
join the group we read a qr code with the preshared key and ParamsCodeEnum. that
gets sent via bluetooth to the device. ParamsCodeEnum maps to a set of various
radio params (regulatory region, center freq, SF, bandwidth, bitrate, power
etc...) so all members of the mesh can have their radios set the same way.
once in that group, we can talk between 254 node numbers.
to get our node number (and announce our presence in the channel) we pick a
random node number and broadcast as that node with WANT-NODENUM(my globally
unique name). If anyone on the channel has seen someone _else_ using that name
within the last 24 hrs(?) they reply with DENY-NODENUM. Note: we might receive
multiple denies. Note: this allows others to speak up for some other node that
might be saving battery right now. Any time we hear from another node (for any
message type), we add that node number to the unpickable list. To dramatically
decrease the odds a node number we request is already used by someone. If no one
denies within TBD seconds, we assume that we have that node number. As long as
we keep talking to folks at least once every 24 hrs, others should remember we
have it.
Once we have a node number we can broadcast POSITION-UPDATE(my globally unique
name, lat, lon, alt, amt battery remaining). All receivers will use this to a)
update the mapping of who is at what node nums, b) the time of last rx, c)
position. If we haven't heard from that node in a while we reply to that node
(only) with our current POSITION_UPDATE state - so that node (presumably just
rejoined the network) can build a map of all participants.
We will periodically broadcast POSITION-UPDATE as needed based on distance moved
or a periodic minimum heartbeat.
If user wants to send a text they can SEND_TEXT(dest user, short text message).
Dest user is a node number, or 0xff for broadcast.
# Medium priority
Items to complete before 1.0.
# Post 1.0 ideas
- finish DSR for unicast
- check fcc rules on duty cycle. we might not need to freq hop. https://www.sunfiretesting.com/LoRa-FCC-Certification-Guide/ . Might need to add enforcement for europe though.
- make a no bluetooth configured yet screen - include this screen in the loop if the user hasn't yet paired
- if radio params change fundamentally, discard the nodedb
- re-enable the bluetooth battery level service on the T-BEAM
- provide generalized (but slow) internet message forwarding service if one of our nodes has internet connectivity (MQTT) [ Not a requirement but a personal interest ]
# Low priority ideas
Items after the first final candidate release.
- implement nimble battery level service
- Nimble implement device info service remaining fields (hw version etc)
- Turn on RPA addresses for the device side in Nimble
- Try to teardown less of the Nimble protocol stack across sleep
- dynamic frequency scaling could save a lot of power on ESP32, but it seems to corrupt uart (even with ref_tick set correctly)
- Change back to using a fixed sized MemoryPool rather than MemoryDynamic (see bug #149)
- scan to find channels with low background noise? (Use CAD mode of the RF95 to automatically find low noise channels)
- If the phone doesn't read fromradio mailbox within X seconds, assume the phone is gone and we can stop queing location msgs
for it (because it will redownload the nodedb when it comes back)
- add frequency hopping, dependent on the gps time, make the switch moment far from the time anyone is going to be transmitting
- assign every "channel" a random shared 8 bit sync word (per 4.2.13.6 of datasheet) - use that word to filter packets before even checking CRC. This will ensure our CPU will only wake for packets on our "channel"
- the BLE stack is leaking about 200 bytes each time we go to light sleep
- use fuse bits to store the board type and region. So one load can be used on all boards
- Don't store position packets in the to phone fifo if we are disconnected. The phone will get that info for 'free' when it
fetches the fresh nodedb.
- Use the RFM95 sequencer to stay in idle mode most of the time, then automatically go to receive mode and automatically go from transmit to receive mode. See 4.2.8.2 of manual.
- Use fixed32 for node IDs, packetIDs, successid, failid, and lat/lon - will require all nodes to be updated, but make messages slightly smaller.
- add "store and forward" support for messages, or move to the DB sync model. This would allow messages to be eventually delivered even if nodes are out of contact at the moment.
- use variable length Strings in protobufs (instead of current fixed buffers). This would save lots of RAM
- use BLEDevice::setPower to lower our BLE transmit power - extra range doesn't help us, it costs amps and it increases snoopability
- make a HAM build: just a new frequency list, a bool to say 'never do encryption' and use hte callsign as that node's unique id. -from Girts
- don't forward redundant pings or ping responses to the phone, it just wastes phone battery
- don't send location packets if we haven't moved significantly
- scrub default radio config settings for bandwidth/range/speed
- show radio and gps signal strength as an image
- only BLE advertise for a short time after the screen is on and button pressed - to save power and prevent people for sniffing for our BT app.
- make mesh aware network timing state machine (sync wake windows to gps time) - this can save LOTS of battery
- split out the software update utility so other projects can use it. Have the appload specify the URL for downloads.
- read the PMU battery fault indicators and blink/led/warn user on screen
- discard very old nodedb records (> 1wk)
- handle millis() rollover in GPS.getTime - otherwise we will break after 50 days
- report esp32 device code bugs back to the mothership via android
- change BLE bonding to something more secure. see comment by pSecurity->setAuthenticationMode(ESP_LE_AUTH_BOND)
This project uses the simple PlatformIO build system. PlatformIO is an extension to Microsoft VSCode. Workflows from building from the GUI or from the commandline are listed below.
If you encounter any problems, please post a question in [our forum](meshtastic.discourse.group). And when you learn a fix, update these instructions for the next person (i.e. edit this file and send in a [pull-request](https://opensource.com/article/19/7/create-pull-request-github) which we will eagerly merge).
## GUI
1. Purchase a suitable [radio](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-device/wiki/Hardware-Information).
6. Click the PlatformIO icon on the side bar. 
7. Under `Quick Access, Miscellaneous, Clone Git Project` enter the URL of the Meshtastic repo found [here](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-device). 
8. Select a file location to save the repo.
9. Once loaded, open the `platformio.ini` file.
10. At the line `default_envs` you can change it to the board type you are building for ie. `tlora-v2, tlora-v1, tlora-v2-1-1.6, tbeam, heltec, tbeam0.7` (boards are listed further down in the file).
11. The hardware can be configured for different countries by adding a definition to the `configuration.h` file. `#define HW_VERSION_US` or `HW_VERSION_EU433, HW_VERSION_EU865, HW_VERSION_CN, HW_VERSION_JP`. Other country settings can be found in `MeshRadio.h`. The default is `HW_VERSION_US`.
12. Click the PlatformIO icon on the side bar. Under `Project Tasks` you can now build or upload.
Note - To get a clean build you may have to delete the auto-generated file `./.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json`, close and re-open Visual Studio and WAIT until the file is auto-generated before compiling again.
## Command Line
1. Purchase a suitable [radio](https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-device/wiki/Hardware-Information).
4. Run `git submodule update --init --recursive` to pull in dependencies this project needs.
5. If you are outside the USA, run "export COUNTRY=EU865" (or whatever) to set the correct frequency range for your country. Options are provided for `EU433`, `EU865`, `CN`, `JP` and `US` (default). Pull-requests eagerly accepted for other countries.
6. Plug the radio into your USB port
7. Type `pio run --environment XXX -t upload` (This command will fetch dependencies, build the project and install it on the board via USB). For XXX, use the board type you have (either `tlora-v2, tlora-v1, tlora-v2-1-1.6, tbeam, heltec, tbeam0.7`).
8. Platform IO also installs a very nice VisualStudio Code based IDE, see their [tutorial](https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/tutorials/espressif32/arduino_debugging_unit_testing.html) if you'd like to use it.
## Decoding stack traces
If you get a crash, you can decode the addresses from the `Backtrace:` line:
1. Save the `Backtrace: 0x....` line to a file, e.g., `backtrace.txt`.
2. Run `bin/exception_decoder.py backtrace.txt` (this uses symbols from the
last `firmware.elf`, so you must be running the same binary that's still in
your `.pio/build` directory).
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